prokinetikumid

Prokinetika, also known as prokinetic agents, are a class of medications primarily used to improve gastrointestinal motility. These drugs enhance the movement of the digestive system, helping to alleviate symptoms associated with slowed gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Common conditions treated with prokinetics include gastroparesis, chronic idiopathic constipation, and functional dyspepsia, where stomach muscles do not contract properly, leading to delayed digestion and discomfort.

The most widely recognized prokinetic agent is metoclopramide, which acts by increasing the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract. Other prokinetics include domperidone, which works similarly but is less likely to cross the blood-brain barrier, reducing central nervous system side effects. Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, is also used off-label as a prokinetic due to its ability to stimulate motility by activating motilin receptors.

Prokinetics are generally well-tolerated, though side effects may include nausea, diarrhea, or, in the case of metoclopramide, extrapyramidal symptoms such as restlessness or involuntary muscle movements. Long-term use of some prokinetics, particularly metoclopramide, has been associated with tardive dyskinesia, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements. Therefore, they are typically prescribed for short-term use unless medically necessary.

Prokinetic agents are not a cure for underlying gastrointestinal disorders but provide symptomatic relief by restoring normal motility. They are often used in combination with other treatments, such as dietary modifications or laxatives, depending on the condition. The choice of prokinetic depends on factors like efficacy, side effect profile, and patient-specific considerations. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential before initiating or adjusting prokinetic therapy.