prokaryoiden

Prokaryoten are a group of organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. This fundamental characteristic distinguishes them from eukaryotic organisms, which possess a true nucleus containing their genetic material. Prokaryotic cells are generally simpler in structure and smaller in size compared to eukaryotic cells. The genetic material of prokaryotes, typically a single circular chromosome, is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. They also often contain smaller, circular DNA molecules called plasmids, which can carry genes that confer advantageous traits.

The two main domains of life that are composed of prokaryotic organisms are Bacteria and Archaea. While both share the prokaryotic cell structure, they have significant differences in their biochemistry, genetics, and evolutionary history. Bacteria are ubiquitous and found in virtually every environment on Earth, playing crucial roles in ecosystems, human health, and industry. Archaea, historically known for inhabiting extreme environments like hot springs and deep-sea vents, are now recognized as being widespread and diverse, with some species also found in more common habitats.

Reproduction in prokaryotes is primarily asexual, typically occurring through binary fission, a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Despite their structural simplicity, prokaryotes exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, capable of utilizing a wide range of energy and carbon sources. This adaptability has allowed them to thrive in diverse conditions and to play essential roles in biogeochemical cycles.