pragmadialektikk

Pragmadialectics is a theory of argumentation developed by Frans H. van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst. It approaches argumentation as a rational procedure for resolving differences of opinion and views the process as a dialectical exchange aimed at reaching a resolution. The core idea is that an argument is a complex speech act that can be analyzed in terms of its contribution to the overall discussion aimed at resolving a disagreement.

The theory posits that argumentation is a social and external phenomenon, meaning it is observable and occurs in communicative exchanges between individuals. Pragmadialectics distinguishes between the explicit and implicit parts of an argument, recognizing that not all reasoning is directly stated. It also emphasizes the importance of rules that govern the resolution of differences of opinion. Violations of these rules are considered fallacies.

A key component of pragmadialectics is the concept of the "ideal speech situation," borrowed from Jürgen Habermas, which serves as a benchmark for evaluating the reasonableness of argumentative discussions. The theory outlines a ten-step procedure for the resolution of differences of opinion, encompassing the stages of confrontation, opening, argumentation, and closing. Each stage has specific rules that participants must adhere to for the discussion to be considered rational.

Pragmadialectics offers a systematic framework for analyzing and evaluating argumentative discourse, focusing on the communicative and interactive aspects of argumentation. It is concerned with whether arguments are used correctly to resolve disagreements and whether the participants have followed the rules for critical discussion.