powtar

Powtar is not an independent entry in standard Polish dictionaries. Rather, it is the stem or morpheme that appears in the verb powtarzać (to repeat) and in related forms such as powtarzanie and powtarzający. In linguistic and lexicographic contexts, powtar is treated as a productive root rather than a standalone word.

In Polish, the full verb forms are built from the stem powtarz- with appropriate affixes and endings. The infinitive is powtarzać, and its conjugation yields powtarzam, powtarzasz, powtarza, powtarzamy, powtarzacie, powtarzają in the present tense. Related forms include the past tense powtarzałem/powtarzałam and the passive or participial forms such as powtarzający and powtarzane. The perfective counterpart is powtórzyć, with forms like powtórzę, powtórzy, and powtórzcie. The border between powtar and powtórz- reflects a common Polish pattern where a stem supports both imperfective and perfective aspects.

Meaning and usage: powtarzać and its stem powtar- convey the action of repeating something, reiterating, or going over again. The term is common in education, conversation, literature, and journalism, where to repeat or rehearse information is discussed or demonstrated. In programming and technical contexts, the Polish equivalents of “repeat” or “loop” are expressed with powtarzać in more general language or with specialized technical terms.

Etymology and related forms: powtarz- is linked to the broader Polish word family around repetition, including powtórzenie (repetition), powtórny (repeat-related), and powtórzyć (to repeat once, perfective). These forms share the same root and show how powtar functions as a base for various inflected forms.

See also: powtórzenie, powtórzyć, powtarzający, powtarzanie.