postanowienie

Postanowienie is a formal ruling issued by a court or other competent authority during legal proceedings, addressing procedural issues rather than the substantive merits of the case. The term is used in civil, criminal, and administrative law in Poland and appears in the codes governing procedure, such as the Code of Civil Procedure and the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Typical examples include decisions on the admissibility or scope of evidence, ordering a party to present documents, summoning or excusing participants, scheduling or suspending hearings, or issuing provisional measures. A postanowienie is usually rendered in writing, with the grounds for the decision stated and the document signed by the deciding judge. It is binding on the parties and forms part of the procedural record.

Because a postanowienie resolves a procedural issue rather than the dispute on the merits, it does not constitute a final determination of liability or guilt. The substantive outcomes are decided later by a wyrok in civil cases or a verdict in criminal cases. Nevertheless, postanowienia may be subject to a remedy, such as a zażalenie (and in some instances other forms of appeal), to a higher court, depending on the applicable law and the type of decision. Time limits and procedural requirements for recourse vary by statutory provision.

In practice, postanowienia help ensure the orderly progression of proceedings, protect procedural rights, and allow correction or refinement of the procedural path before a substantive decision is reached.