popel

Popel refers to a traditional Slavic and Central European folk custom involving the burning of effigies, often made from straw or other combustible materials, during various seasonal festivals. The practice is most prominently associated with the Slavic holiday of *Popelje* (also known as *Popeljača* or *Popelja*), which marks the end of the Christmas season and the beginning of the agricultural year. The term "popel" derives from the Slavic word for "ash," symbolizing renewal and the remnants of the old year.

The effigies, known as *popel*, are typically constructed to resemble humans, animals, or mythical figures and are burned in outdoor ceremonies. These rituals are believed to drive away evil spirits and ensure fertility for crops. In some regions, the burning of popel is accompanied by singing, dancing, and the distribution of food, reinforcing communal bonds. The custom varies across cultures, with some communities incorporating specific characters or themes tied to local folklore.

Popel ceremonies are particularly notable in Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and other parts of the Balkans, where they remain a living tradition in rural areas. The practice has historical roots in pagan agricultural rites, later adapted into Christian festivals. While the exact origins are debated, the burning of effigies reflects universal themes of transformation and rebirth, aligning with the changing seasons.

Today, popel is celebrated as both a cultural heritage and a symbolic act of renewal. Some communities preserve the tradition through organized festivals, blending historical customs with contemporary expressions. The practice serves as a reminder of the connection between folklore, nature, and communal identity in Slavic and Central European societies.