ponowne

Ponowne is a Polish adjective used to indicate that something is done again or revived, functioning as a prefix-like descriptor in combination with a noun. It is commonly found in formal, administrative, and technical language to denote repetition, reinitiation, or renewal, for example ponowne otwarcie, ponowne uruchomienie, or ponowne rozpatrzenie.

In Polish, ponowne is the neuter singular form of the stem ponowny, which has gendered variants such as ponowny (masculine), ponowna (feminine), and ponowne (neuter). Adjectives in Polish decline for gender and number, so the exact ending changes to agree with the noun they modify. The word functions as an attributive modifier before a noun, rather than as an independent adverb.

Ponowne is distinct from ponownie, which is the adverb meaning “again” or “once more.” While ponownie modifies verbs directly (for example, ponownie uruchomiono system), ponowne modifies the accompanying noun phrase (for example ponowne uruchomienie systemu).

Usage and nuance: ponowne conveys a sense of repetition or revival of a concrete thing or process, often in technical, legal, or procedural contexts. It does not imply spontaneity but a deliberate action to perform something anew or to restore a previous state.

See also: ponownie (adverb), ponowny (base form of the adjective), repetition in Polish terminology.