ponovljeno

Ponovljeno is an adjective and a past passive participle in Croatian, Bosnian, and Serbian, formed from the verb ponoviti, meaning to repeat. It denotes that something has been repeated or reiterated. As a participle, it agrees with the noun it modifies in gender and number (for example, ponovljeno pitanje, neuter singular; ponovljena poruka, feminine singular; ponovljen izvještaj, masculine singular). In plural, matching forms are ponovljeni (masculine), ponovljene (feminine), ponovljena (neuter) according to common participle declension.

Ponovljeno is widely used in everyday language as well as in formal and technical contexts. It can describe events, statements, data, or experiments that were repeated, such as ponovljeno pitanje in a debate, ponovljeni eksperiment in a scientific report, or ponovljena studija in a literature review. The word conveys a sense of repetition that has occurred, rather than something newly created.

Etymology: the word is derived from ponoviti (to repeat) with the participial suffix -eno, forming the neuter singular adjective. Related forms appear across South Slavic languages, with corresponding gendered variants such as ponovljen (masc), ponovljena (fem).

See also: ponoviti, ponovljen, repetition.