polysynthesizer

A polysynthesizer, often shortened to polysynth, is a type of electronic musical instrument capable of producing multiple distinct tones simultaneously. Unlike a monophonic synthesizer which can only generate one note at a time, a polysynth allows for chords and multiple melodic lines to be played together. This polyphony is a key characteristic that distinguishes it from its monophonic predecessors and enables a wider range of musical expression, particularly in harmonic contexts.

The architecture of a polysynth typically involves multiple voice cards or modules, each capable of generating a complete sound. These voices are then managed by a voice allocation system. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the system assigns an available voice to that key. If more keys are pressed than there are available voices, older notes may be dropped to make way for new ones, a phenomenon known as voice stealing. Early polysynths were complex and expensive, but advancements in technology have made them more accessible and common in various musical genres. They are frequently used for pads, strings, brass sounds, and complex harmonic textures, making them a staple in electronic music production and live performance.