polyhydroxybutyrat

Polyhydroxybutyrate, often abbreviated as PHB, is a type of polyester that belongs to the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family of polymers. PHAs are naturally occurring bioplastics that are synthesized by various microorganisms. These bacteria produce PHB as a way to store carbon and energy. Under favorable conditions, the bacteria accumulate PHB as intracellular granules. When conditions become unfavorable, such as nutrient limitation, the bacteria can then metabolize the stored PHB.

PHB is a biodegradable and biocompatible material. Its biodegradability means that it can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment, which is a significant advantage over conventional petroleum-based plastics that persist for long periods. The biocompatibility of PHB makes it suitable for certain medical applications, as it can be safely used within the body without causing adverse reactions.

The physical properties of PHB are similar to those of polypropylene, a common petrochemical plastic. It is a rigid and crystalline material. However, PHB can be brittle and has a narrow processing window, which has presented challenges for its widespread commercial application. Researchers have explored various methods to improve its properties, such as copolymerization with other monomers to create more flexible and processable materials.

Applications for PHB and other PHAs are being developed in areas such as packaging, disposable cutlery, and medical devices like sutures and drug delivery systems. The production of PHB typically involves fermentation processes using renewable feedstocks. The ongoing research and development in this field aim to overcome the existing limitations and make bioplastics like PHB more competitive with traditional plastics.