polveri

Polveri, the Italian term for powders, are dry substances consisting of fine solid particles. Particle sizes typically range from nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. The distribution, shape and surface properties of particles influence flow, packing, dissolution, reactivity and processing behavior.

Powders are categorized by material (metal, ceramic, polymer, composite) and by production method (grinding/milling, atomization, precipitation, spray drying). Metal powders are used in metallurgy and additive manufacturing; ceramic powders in ceramics and catalysts; polymer powders in coatings and 3D printing.

Common production methods include milling to reduce size, gas or water atomization to create spherical particles, spray drying to convert liquids into powders, and precipitation to form fine particles from solution.

Applications encompass additive manufacturing (powder bed fusion and binder jetting), catalysts, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food ingredients, coatings, and pyrotechnics. Powder properties such as flowability, compressibility and surface area determine processing performance and end-use behavior.

Safety and handling: powders can pose inhalation hazards and, if flammable or explosive, dust hazards. Control dust, ensure good ventilation, manage static, and use appropriate PPE. Store powders in dry, stable conditions to prevent clumping or degradation.

Quality control often involves particle size analysis (sieve or laser methods), measurement of flow (angle of repose, Hausner ratio) and surface area (BET). Standards for sampling and testing guide industry practices.