podlega

Podlega is the third-person singular present tense form of the Polish verb podlegać, which means to be subject to, to fall under the jurisdiction, control, or influence of something. The expression is used to indicate that the subject is governed by rules, laws, regulations, or authorities rather than being exempt or autonomous.

Origin and usage: The verb is built from the prefix pod-, meaning under, combined with a root related to lying or being placed, conveying the sense of being under something. In practice, podlega takes complements in the dative case or in noun phrases representing rules, taxes, or authorities. Typical collocations include podlega podatkowaniu (is subject to taxation), podlega karze (is subject to punishment), and podlega przepisom (is subject to the regulations).

Examples: Dochody podlegają opodatkowaniu. (Income is subject to taxation.) Te produkty podlegają unijnym przepisom. (These products are subject to EU regulations.) Złamanie przepisów podlega karze. (Violation of the rules is subject to punishment.)

Grammatical notes: Podlega is finite and used with a third-person subject. The infinitive form is podlegać, with corresponding forms such as podlegam, podlegasz, podlegają in different persons. Related forms include the adjective podległy (subordinate) and the noun podległość or podleganie (the state of subjection or subordination). The term appears frequently in legal, administrative, and organizational language to express applicability or compliance with rules, authorities, or systems.