pnitrotoluene

p-Nitrotoluene, or 4-nitrotoluene, is an organic compound with the formula C7H7NO2. It is the para isomer of nitrotoluene, one of three nitro-substituted toluenes (the others being o-nitrotoluene and m-nitrotoluene). In the molecule, a nitro group (NO2) is attached to the benzene ring para to the methyl group.

Industrial production involves the nitration of toluene with mixed sulfuric and nitric acids, which furnishes a mixture of o-, m-, and p-nitrotoluene. The isomers are separated and purified by distillation or crystallization.

p-Nitrotoluene is typically a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in organic solvents and of limited solubility in water. It has a relatively high boiling point and is handled under controlled industrial conditions.

Uses of p-nitrotoluene are mainly as an intermediate in the manufacture of p-toluidine (4-aminotoluene), which serves as a building block for dyes and pigments. It can also be converted to other aryl amines and related compounds used in agrochemicals and specialty chemicals.

Safety: p-nitrotoluene is a hazardous chemical. It can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and may be harmful if inhaled or ingested. It is flammable and should be stored away from heat and oxidizers in a properly ventilated area with appropriate personal protective equipment. Spills should be contained and disposed of in accordance with local regulations.

See also: nitrotoluene isomers; toluene; p-toluidine.