platinakatalizált

Platinakatalizált refers to chemical reactions that are accelerated by a platinum-based catalyst. The term covers both heterogeneous systems, where the catalyst is a solid such as platinum supported on carbon, silica, or alumina (for example Pt/C or Pt/Al2O3), and homogeneous systems, where well-defined platinum complexes in solution catalyze the transformation. Platinum catalysts are valued for high activity, good selectivity in some reactions, and stability at elevated temperatures, but they are expensive and can be sensitive to sulfur-containing poisons and to sintering under harsh conditions.

Common applications include hydrogenation and hydrocarbon processing in the petrochemical industry, where platinum catalysts hydrogenate unsaturated hydrocarbons and contribute to reforming of naphtha to produce higher-octane gasoline. In dehydrogenation, Pt catalysts facilitate the conversion of alkanes to alkenes, such as propane to propene. In oxidation reactions, Pt-based catalysts promote the oxidation of small molecules, and in environmental catalysis, plenary catalytic converters use Pt alongside other metals to convert carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water and to reduce nitrogen oxides.

In organic synthesis, homogeneous platinum catalysts enable transformations such as hydrosilylation and various C–H activation processes, while heterogeneous Pt catalysts support selective oxidations and hydrofunctionalization on a solid surface. Mechanistically, heterogeneous catalysis often follows surface adsorption, reaction, and desorption steps, whereas homogeneous systems involve well-defined organometallic steps such as oxidative addition, migratory insertion, and reductive elimination.