placingenta

The placenta is a vital, temporary organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between a mother and her fetus. Formed from both maternal and fetal tissues, it attaches to the uterine wall and connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord. The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting fetal growth and development throughout gestation.

During pregnancy, the placenta ensures the delivery of essential nutrients and oxygen from the mother’s bloodstream to the developing baby while removing metabolic waste products. It also produces hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is detected in pregnancy tests, and progesterone, which helps maintain the uterine lining. Additionally, the placenta acts as a protective barrier, filtering some harmful substances but allowing the passage of necessary elements like antibodies, which provide the fetus with immunity.

After childbirth, the placenta is expelled from the uterus as afterbirth. Normally, it detaches within minutes to hours following the birth of the baby. Retention of the placenta, where it remains in the uterus longer than expected, can lead to complications such as postpartum hemorrhage or infection and may require medical intervention.

The placenta’s structure includes two main layers: the maternal side, which consists of uterine tissue, and the fetal side, lined with chorionic villi that increase surface area for efficient exchange. Variations in placental shape, size, or attachment—such as placenta previa or placental abruption—can pose risks to maternal and fetal health and often require close monitoring by healthcare providers. Proper placental function is essential for a healthy pregnancy, and any abnormalities may necessitate medical evaluation or intervention.