pisemnym

Pisemnym is the instrumental singular form of the Polish adjective pisemny, meaning “written.” The term is used to describe things related to writing or conveyed in written form, as opposed to ustny, which refers to oral or spoken form.

Morphology and inflection: Like other Polish adjectives, pisemny declines by gender, number, and case. In the instrumental singular it appears as pisemnym with masculine and neuter nouns; for feminine nouns the instrumental singular is pisemną. The instrumental plural is pisemnymi. Thus you may encounter phrases such as językiem pisemnym (in written language) or formą pisemną (in written form).

Semantics and usage: Pisemnym primarily marks the means, manner, or form by which something is communicated or recorded. It is commonly used when contrasting written versus spoken forms, or when specifying that a statement, document, or system operates in a written mode. The adjective can modify a wide range of nouns in contexts such as language, documentation, or communication processes.

Relation to related terms: Pisemnym is a form of the base adjective pisemny, which derives from the verb pisać (to write). In Polish grammar, the same root yields other gendered forms (pisemna for feminine, pisemne for neuter plural, etc.) and participates in standard adjective agreement rules. The concept of written language is often discussed in contrast to ustny (oral language) and is central in studies of standardization, orthography, and literacy.

See also: written language, ustny, orthography, Polish grammar, adjective declension.

Notes: This article treats pisemnym as a grammatical form rather than a standalone lexical item. Its precise use depends on the noun it modifies and the surrounding syntactic structure.