pilotfish

Pilotfish are small, silvery fish, typically between 15 and 30 centimeters in length, belonging to the family Echeneidae. They are known for their distinctive, sucker-like dorsal fin, which has evolved into a specialized organ for attachment. This "disc" is located on the top of their head and is composed of modified fin rays arranged in a series of plates.

The most remarkable characteristic of pilotfish is their symbiotic relationship with larger marine animals, such as sharks, rays, whales, and sea turtles. They use their suction discs to attach themselves to these hosts. This association provides the pilotfish with several benefits, including protection from predators and a mobile food source.

Pilotfish feed on the scraps of food left behind by their hosts, as well as on parasites found on the host's skin. In return, they may help to keep the host clean by consuming these parasites. They are also believed to aid their host by acting as an early warning system, alerting them to approaching danger.

These fish are found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting open oceans and coastal areas. Their diet primarily consists of small crustaceans and fish. Pilotfish are not typically targeted by commercial fisheries, and their population status is generally considered stable.