piezometry
Piezometry is the measurement and interpretation of pressure distribution within a fluid-saturated porous medium, most commonly groundwater in soils and rock. It relies on devices called piezometers to access pore water pressure at specific depths. In saturated conditions, the hydraulic head H is the sum of the vertical elevation z and the pressure head p/γw, and the resulting piezometric surface reflects the energy state of the groundwater. Changes in piezometric levels indicate groundwater flow and changes in recharge, pumping, or subsurface conditions.
Piezometers come in several forms. Standpipe or open-tube piezometers measure static pore pressure by the height
Applications include assessing groundwater flow directions by constructing piezometric head maps, evaluating pore pressures beneath embankments
Interpretation considerations: measurements reflect local pore pressure and can be affected by well efficiency, screen length,