phtasapainon

pH tasapainon, commonly referred to as pH balance, describes the maintenance of a stable hydrogen ion concentration in a system, expressed on the pH scale. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 considered neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, while values above 7 indicate basicity. In natural and biological contexts, pH balance is dynamic and influenced by acids and bases produced, consumed, or neutralized, as well as by the buffering capacity of the surrounding medium.

In living organisms, pH balance is essential for cellular processes, enzyme activity, and oxygen transport. In humans, blood pH is tightly regulated within about 7.35 to 7.45. This regulation relies on buffers (notably the bicarbonate–carbonic acid system, as well as phosphate and protein buffers), respiratory control of carbon dioxide, and renal adjustment of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. The system can respond quickly through buffering and respiration, with longer-term adjustment via the kidneys.

Imbalances can lead to acidosis (pH too low) or alkalosis (pH too high). These conditions can be of respiratory origin (altered ventilation) or metabolic origin (loss or gain of buffers or acids). Diagnosis typically involves arterial blood gas analysis and electrolyte measurements.

pH balance is also relevant beyond physiology. In soils, water, and food production, pH influences chemical reactions, nutrient availability, microbial activity, and product quality. Measurements are performed with pH meters, colorimetric indicators, or test strips, and adjustments are made using acids, bases, or buffers to restore desired conditions.