pharyngealplexat

Pharyngealplexat is a term sometimes used to refer to the pharyngeal plexus, a network of nerve fibers in the wall of the pharynx. The standard name in anatomy is the pharyngeal plexus, but pharyngealplexat may appear in some texts as an alternate spelling or historical variant.

Anatomy and formation

The pharyngeal plexus is formed primarily by pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), with additional contributions from the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. It courses along the lateral and posterior aspects of the pharyngeal wall, where the contributing fibers intermingle and give off branches to target structures within the pharynx.

Functions

Motor: The plexus provides innervation to most pharyngeal muscles, including the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors, as well as the palatoglossus. The stylopharyngeus muscle is supplied mainly by CN IX directly, rather than through the plexus.

Autonomic and sensory: The plexus carries parasympathetic (secretomotor) fibers to the mucous glands of the pharynx and includes postganglionic sympathetic fibers accompanying vascular structures. Sensory innervation of the pharyngeal mucosa is largely via CN IX, with contributions from CN X to portions of the pharynx through its pharyngeal branches.

Clinical relevance

Disruption of the vagus or glossopharyngeal components can impair pharyngeal motor function and mucosal sensation, contributing to dysphagia and altered pharyngeal reflexes. Anatomical variation exists, and the exact composition of inputs to the plexus can differ among individuals.