petroleumcoke
Petroleum coke, commonly called petcoke, is a carbon-rich solid byproduct of oil refining. It is formed when heavy fractions of crude oil are thermally processed in cokers, such as delayed coking or fluid coking, to convert residual oils into lighter products and solid coke.
Petroleum coke typically contains about 80–90% carbon with low to moderate volatile matter. It is produced in
Calcined petroleum coke undergoes further heating to remove volatile material and moisture, producing a more uniform
Uses and applications vary by grade. Fuel-grade coke is combusted for energy, while needle coke and calcined
Environmental and health considerations include emissions from combustion, such as sulfur dioxide and particulates, and dust
Global production and trade are driven by refinery configurations and demand in cement, aluminum, and energy