petrolato

Petrolato, commonly known in English as petrolatum or petroleum jelly, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. It is produced during the refining of crude oil and is refined to varying degrees to yield different grades, such as white petrolatum (highly refined, colorless or pale) and yellow petrolatum (less refined, amber). It is typically odorless or nearly odorless and has a soft, waxy texture that remains semi-solid at room temperature.

Chemically, petrolato consists mainly of saturated hydrocarbons in the C20–C40 range. It is chemically inert and highly stable, which makes it suitable as an occlusive agent in topical products. Its semi-solid nature creates a barrier on the skin, reducing water loss and protecting minor irritations.

In cosmetics and dermatology petrolatum functions as an emollient and occlusive moisturizer, often included in ointments, creams, lip balms, and barrier creams. It also serves as a vehicle for active ingredients. In medicine it is used as a protective base for wound care and to alleviate dry skin. In industry, petrolatum finds use as a lubricant and as a component in polishes and rust protection formulations.

Safety and regulation: Highly refined petrolatum is widely regarded as safe for topical use by many regulatory authorities. Impurities such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in poorly refined grades can pose risks, so purity standards are important. Rarely, some individuals may experience irritation or folliculitis, particularly if contaminated.

History: The substance was commercialized in the 19th century; its most famous early product, Vaseline, popularized petrolatum as a household remedy and cosmetic ingredient. Today it remains a common standby in personal care and medicinal products worldwide.