peszimizmus

Pessimismus is a philosophical attitude characterized by a general disposition to expect the worst in all things. It is not simply sadness or a temporary state of low mood, but rather a worldview that emphasizes the negative aspects of existence and anticipates unfavorable outcomes. This perspective often stems from a belief that life is inherently filled with suffering, evil, and struggle, and that any positive experiences are fleeting or illusory.

Philosophers have explored pessimism from various angles. Some, like Arthur Schopenhauer, viewed the world as a manifestation of a blind, insatiable Will, leading to perpetual dissatisfaction and suffering. Others have seen pessimism as a realistic appraisal of human nature and the inherent limitations of the world. It can manifest as a belief in the futility of action, the inevitability of failure, or the ultimate meaninglessness of life.

While often associated with a gloomy outlook, pessimism can also be a catalyst for critical thought and a desire for improvement. By recognizing potential problems and negative consequences, individuals or societies might be motivated to proactively address them. However, in its most extreme forms, pessimism can lead to apathy, despair, and a disengagement from life's opportunities and challenges. The term itself originates from the Latin word "pessimus," meaning "worst."