peroksihapon

Peroksihappo, or peracid in English, refers to a class of organic compounds that contain a peroxide group attached to an acyl group, generally written as R-CO-O-O-H. They are powerful oxidizing agents and electrophilic oxygen donors, used to drive selective oxidation reactions in organic synthesis and, in some cases, for disinfection and sterilization.

Most peracids are prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an acid catalyst, forming the peracid R-COOOH and water. Examples include peracetic acid (R = CH3CO-), performic acid (R = H), and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). Peracids can be generated in situ to improve handling safety and control reactivity.

In synthesis, peracids offer several utility paths: Baeyer–Villiger oxidation to convert ketones into esters or lactones, epoxidation of alkenes using reagents such as mCPBA, and oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones. They serve as versatile electrophilic oxidants and are widely used in laboratory and industrial contexts for selective transformations.

Industrial and practical uses include the application of certain peracids, notably peracetic acid, as sanitizers and sterilants for surfaces, equipment, and food processing environments. They also participate in pulp bleaching and other oxidation processes where controlled reactivity is advantageous.

Safety and handling are important considerations: peracids are strong oxidizers and can be unstable, especially when concentrated or in contact with organic materials or metals. They may decompose exothermically, release oxygen, or react violently with fuels and reducers. Proper storage in cool, well-ventilated areas, use of protective equipment, and in situ generation when possible help mitigate hazards. See also peracid chemistry and reagents such as mCPBA for related applications.