peroksi

Peroksi is a term used in chemistry to refer to peroxide compounds, which are defined by the presence of an oxygen–oxygen single bond (O–O). The term covers several subtypes, including organic peroxides (such as dialkyl and aryl peroxides), hydroperoxides (R–O–O–H), and inorganic peroxides (such as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and metal peroxides like Na2O2). The O–O bond is relatively weak and can decompose exothermically, releasing oxygen and reactive species.

Classification and examples

Organic peroxides contain carbon–oxygen forming the peroxide linkage (R–O–O–R′) and are widely used as radical initiators in polymerization and as curing agents in certain materials. Hydroperoxides have the structure R–O–O–H and arise from further oxidation of alcohols or alkenes. Inorganic peroxides include hydrogen peroxide (a widely used oxidizer and disinfectant) and solid peroxides such as sodium peroxide or barium peroxide. Not all peroxides are explosive, but many are powerful oxidizers with potential sensitivity to heat, shock, or contaminants.

Applications

Hydrogen peroxide serves as a bleaching agent, antiseptic, and oxidizer in environmental and industrial processes. Organic peroxides act as radical initiators in polymer manufacturing and as reagents in organic synthesis; some peroxides are used in cosmetics or dermatology in stabilized forms. Peroxides also play roles in wastewater treatment and disinfection, owing to their oxidizing properties.

Safety and handling

Peroxides are strong oxidizers and can decompose violently under heat, friction, contamination, or contact with metals. They should be stored cool, away from incompatible materials and ignition sources, in appropriate containers with ventilation. Handling typically emphasizes good storage practices, separation from fuels or reducing agents, and adherence to regulatory guidelines to mitigate risks of decomposition or explosion. Environmental release is generally oxidizing and should be managed to prevent harm to aquatic systems.