periostit

Periostitis is a medical term referring to inflammation of the periosteum. The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except for the articulating surfaces of the joints. It is composed of two layers: an outer fibrous layer and an inner cellular layer. The periosteum plays a crucial role in bone nutrition, growth, and repair. Inflammation can affect either or both layers.

The causes of periostitis are varied and can include overuse injuries, particularly in athletes, leading to conditions like shin splints. Traumatic injuries, such as fractures or direct blows to the bone, can also trigger periosteal inflammation. Infections, known as osteomyelitis, can sometimes extend to the periosteum. Certain medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or reactive arthritis, can also be associated with periostitis. Less commonly, it can be a symptom of systemic diseases or occur as a reaction to foreign bodies.

Symptoms typically include pain at the affected site, which may worsen with activity. Tenderness to touch, swelling, and sometimes redness over the inflamed area are also common. In cases of infection, fever and chills might be present. Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, medical history, and may be supported by imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to assess the extent of the inflammation and rule out other conditions. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and may involve rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), pain medication, physical therapy, antibiotics for infections, or addressing the underlying systemic disease.