periglaciology

Periglaciology is the scientific study of periglacial environments and processes. These environments are characterized by the presence of permafrost, which is ground that remains at or below 0 degrees Celsius for at least two consecutive years. Periglaciology is concerned with the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in these cold-climate regions, which cover a significant portion of the Earth's land surface, particularly in high-latitude and high-altitude areas.

Key areas of study within periglaciology include the formation, distribution, and degradation of permafrost, as well as the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on landforms. Periglacial processes shape the landscape through phenomena such as frost wedging, patterned ground formation (e.g., polygons, circles, stripes), solifluction (the slow downslope movement of soil), and the formation of ice wedges and pingos. The study also examines the effects of climate change on permafrost, including thawing, which can lead to significant environmental consequences like ground subsidence, coastal erosion, and the release of greenhouse gases.

Periglaciological research is crucial for understanding Earth's past and present climate, predicting future environmental changes, and informing infrastructure development and resource management in cold regions. It draws upon disciplines such as geology, geography, hydrology, and atmospheric science.