pericardholte

Pericardholte is a term used in some languages to refer to the pericardial cavity, the potential space within the serous pericardium that surrounds the heart. In English medical terminology, the analogous structure is the pericardial cavity or pericardial space, which normally contains a small amount of lubricating serous fluid.

Anatomically, the pericardial cavity forms a closed sac around the heart within the mediastinum. It is bounded anteriorly by the fibrous pericardium and adjacent structures such as the sternum and costal cartilage, and it extends inferiorly to the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. The serous pericardium folds to form reflections around the great vessels, creating potential recesses and sinuses, including the transverse and oblique pericardial sinuses. The cavity is continuous with the mediastinal space and is separated from surrounding tissues by the pericardial sac.

Functionally, the pericardial cavity contains a small volume of lubricating fluid that reduces friction between the moving heart and the surrounding pericardial surfaces during each heartbeat. This mechanism supports smooth cardiac motion, limits adhesions, and provides a minimal protective barrier against infection or trauma.

Clinical relevance can arise when the pericardial cavity is involved in disease. Pericarditis refers to inflammation of the pericardium and can lead to an increased production or accumulation of fluid, known as pericardial effusion. A large effusion may cause cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition requiring prompt evaluation and, if necessary, drainage. Diagnostic imaging such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI aids in assessment and management.

Developmentally, the pericardial cavity forms from the intraembryonic coelom and is lined by mesothelium. The term pericardholte emphasizes usage in certain languages, while English sources typically use pericardial cavity or pericardial space.