penúltima

Penúltima is a Spanish word that translates to "second to last" or "penultimate" in English. It is used to describe the item, position, or event that comes immediately before the final one in a sequence. For example, the penúltima chapter of a book is the one before the last chapter, and the penúltima day of a vacation is the day before the last day.

The word "penúltima" is derived from the Latin words "paene," meaning "almost," and "ultimus," meaning "last." This etymology accurately reflects its meaning as being "almost last." It is a feminine adjective in Spanish, agreeing in gender with the noun it modifies. Its masculine counterpart is "penúltimo."

The concept of "penúltima" is not exclusive to Spanish. Many languages have a word or phrase to denote this position. In English, "penultimate" serves the same purpose. Understanding the meaning of "penúltima" is helpful for comprehending Spanish texts and conversations where it might appear, especially when discussing ordered series or events. It highlights a specific, yet not final, point in a progression.