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The penknife is a small, folding pocketknife. Historically, it was designed to sharpen quill pens, hence its name. Penknives typically feature one or more small blades that fold into the handle for safe carrying. While their primary function was once for pen maintenance, modern penknives are often used for a variety of general-purpose cutting tasks. They are characterized by their compact size, making them easily portable.

The design of a penknife has remained relatively consistent over time, emphasizing simplicity and portability. The blades are usually made of steel and are sharpened to a fine edge. The handle can be constructed from various materials, including wood, bone, or metal. Some penknives may include additional small tools, such as a toothpick or tweezers, though these are less common than in larger multi-tools. The penknife is a precursor to many modern pocketknives and multi-tools, representing an early form of portable cutting instrument. Their enduring appeal lies in their straightforward utility and historical significance as an everyday carry item for writers and professionals.