penalisert

Penalisert is the past participle of the verb penalisere in Norwegian Bokmål and functions as an adjective describing someone or something that has received a penalty under a rule or regulation. It is used in contexts such as sports, law, and administration to indicate that a sanction has been applied. In sports, for example, a player who commits a violation may be penalisert by a referee; in legal or workplace contexts, a company or individual can be penalisert with fines, sanctions, or other penalties.

Etymology and related forms: The form is a Norwegian borrowing from the English penalize, which in turn comes from French pénaliser and ultimately from Latin poena meaning penalty or punishment. The related noun penalisering or penalty terminology is used in Norwegian to discuss the process or result of penalization. The Danish cognate is penaliseret, and penalisert is primarily characteristic of Norwegian usage.

Usage notes: The past participle is used with auxiliary forms to describe completed penalties, for example, han har blitt penalisert or han er penalisert. It can also function predicatively as en penalisert spiller (a penalized player) or refer to entities subjected to sanctions, such as a penalisert bedrift (a penalized company).

See also: penalty, sanction, punishment, bøter, sanksjon.