pelvien

Pelvien, in English commonly referred to as the pelvis, is the anatomical region forming the lower part of the trunk between the abdomen and the thighs. It comprises the bony pelvis, the pelvic cavity, and the surrounding soft tissues. The bony pelvis is a ring-like structure made by the two hip bones (each formed by the ilium, ischium, and pubis), the sacrum, and the coccyx. The hip bones join at the sacroiliac joints at the back and meet at the pubic symphysis at the front. The pelvic brim divides the space into the greater (false) pelvis and the lesser (true) pelvis; the lesser pelvis contains the pelvic cavity and its organs.

The acetabulum, formed where the ilium, ischium, and pubis converge, serves as the socket for the femoral head. Ligaments such as the sacroiliac, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous ligaments stabilize the pelvis and its joints. The pelvic cavity houses major organs depending on sex: in females, the uterus, ovaries, and parts of the reproductive tract; in males, the bladder and portions of the reproductive system. The pelvic floor muscles, including the levator ani and coccygeus, provide support for pelvic organs and play a role in continence. The internal iliac vessels and the pelvic plexus of nerves, including the pudendal nerve, supply the region.

Developmentally, the pelvis forms from three fused bones on each side, with variation between individuals and notable differences between sexes—female pelves generally have a wider pelvic inlet and outlet to facilitate childbirth. Clinically, the pelvis is involved in considerations of fractures, obstetric delivery, pelvic inflammatory disease, organ prolapse, and abdominal or pelvic surgery.