paws

Paws are the distal parts of the limbs of many mammals, consisting of bones and joints covered by padded tissue and claws. The underside typically bears multiple pads: a large central metacarpal or metatarsal pad and several smaller digital pads on the toes. These pads are thickened, keratinized, and contain fatty tissue to absorb shock and provide traction during movement.

Claws extend from the toe bones and can be used for grasping, digging, or climbing. In some species, claws are retractable, notably in cats, while in others they are non-retractable, as seen in dogs and many other mammals. The pads and claws work together to protect joints, cushion impact, and adapt foot function to different terrains and activities. Some animals have specialized adaptations, such as webbing between toes for swimming or large claws for digging.

Variation exists across species. Domestic cats and dogs use their paws for locomotion, manipulation of objects, and environmental exploration. Bears possess large paws with strong, non-retractile claws suited for foraging and climbing. Other examples include raccoons and otters, each with paw adaptations aligned to their habitats. While the general structure is similar, the size, shape, and degree of claw retraction vary to support each species’ lifestyle.

In domesticated animals, paw health is important for mobility and welfare, with injuries, wear, or frostbite potentially affecting locomotion and dexterity. The term “paws” is typically used for non-human mammals; human feet are not described as paws.