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Patrimonialism is a political system in which the ruler's power is derived from their personal authority and the resources they control, rather than from a formal legal framework or the consent of the governed. This form of governance is often characterized by a lack of written laws, centralized bureaucracy, or a clear division of power between the ruler and the ruled. Instead, decisions are made based on the ruler's whims, personal interests, and the resources they possess.

In patrimonial systems, the ruler's authority is typically inherited, and the ruler's family often holds significant political and economic power. The ruler's decisions are often made without regard for the wishes or needs of the broader population, leading to a lack of accountability and transparency. This can result in a lack of development, inequality, and social unrest.

Patrimonialism can be found in various forms and contexts, from small, informal communities to large, formal states. It is often associated with underdevelopment and corruption, as the ruler's personal interests often take precedence over the common good. However, it can also be a source of stability and continuity in certain contexts, as the ruler's authority is often seen as a source of order and security.

Despite its drawbacks, patrimonialism has been a significant feature of many historical and contemporary societies. It has been studied by scholars in fields such as political science, anthropology, and history, who seek to understand its origins, functioning, and impact on society.