patchstruktur

Patchstruktur, or patch structure, is a term used in landscape ecology to describe the arrangement and physical characteristics of habitat patches within a landscape. It covers patch size, shape, edge properties, core area, internal heterogeneity, and the spatial configuration or connectivity among patches. Patch structure affects ecological processes such as species distributions, movement, colonization and extinction dynamics, and edge effects. Large, compact patches typically have lower edge-to-area ratios and higher interior habitat quality, while elongated or irregular patches create more edge habitat that can alter microclimates and species interactions. Connectivity between patches influences dispersal and gene flow; fragmentation increases isolation and can reduce biodiversity.

Measurement and analysis rely on geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing. Common metrics include patch area, perimeter-to-area ratio, shape complexity or edge complexity, core area, edge density, nearest-neighbor distance, and contagion or aggregation indices. Landscape-level studies often combine patchstruktur with matrix quality and functional connectivity to understand ecological resilience.

Applications include conservation planning, habitat restoration, and impact assessment. By considering patchsize, shape, and connectivity, managers can influence biodiversity outcomes, ecosystem services, and species viability. Patchstruktur is frequently analyzed alongside matrix quality and broader landscape dynamics to support holistic ecosystem management.

See also: landscape ecology, habitat fragmentation, landscape metrics, connectivity.