parotidnäärme

The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands in humans and other mammals. Located in front of and below the ears, it plays a crucial role in the production of saliva, which aids in digestion and lubrication of food for swallowing. The parotid gland is a paired structure, meaning there is one on each side of the face.

Saliva produced by the parotid gland is primarily serous, meaning it contains enzymes like amylase, which begin the breakdown of carbohydrates in the mouth. The gland's duct, known as Stensen's duct, empties into the oral cavity, typically opposite the upper second molar tooth.

Several nerves pass through or near the parotid gland, including the facial nerve, which controls facial expressions. This proximity makes the parotid gland a site for various medical conditions, such as infections (like mumps), tumors (both benign and malignant), and stones in the salivary ducts. Inflammation of the parotid gland is called parotitis. Surgical removal or biopsy of the parotid gland requires careful consideration due to the presence of these vital nerves.