parlamentarischdemokratische

Parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is a democratic form of government in which the executive branch derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature. The head of state is typically separate from the head of government, who is usually called the prime minister or premier and leads the cabinet and the daily administration.

In a parliamentary system, the government is elected by and dependent on the confidence of the parliament. The legislature can remove the government through a vote of no confidence, and the cabinet is collectively responsible to the legislature. The head of state’s duties are largely ceremonial or limited by constitution, while real executive power rests with the prime minister and the cabinet.

Formation and stability: Voters elect members of parliament; the party or coalition with a majority forms the government. In multiparty systems, coalitions are common; minority governments may rely on issue-by-issue support. The system tends to emphasize cabinet responsibility and legislative oversight, but government longevity can be affected by shifts in parliamentary support.

Variants and examples: The Westminster model is the most widely cited form, found in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and many former colonies. Parliamentary republics include Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Norway, among others. Presidential systems are distinguished by a separately elected president who often serves as both head of state and head of government.

Historical note: Parliaments with strong party competition emerged in early modern Europe, matured through the 19th and 20th centuries, and have been adopted worldwide in constitutional monarchies and republics, shaping how executive power is formed and held accountable.