parafáziák

Parafáziák refers to speech errors where a person substitutes a word or sound for another. These substitutions are typically unintentional and are often a symptom of neurological conditions affecting language processing, such as aphasia, which can result from stroke, brain injury, or degenerative diseases.

There are several types of parafáziák. Phonemic parafáziák, also known as literal or phonological parafáziák, involve substituting sounds within a word. For example, saying "tar" instead of "car." Semantic parafáziák, or verbal parafáziák, involve substituting a word with another that is semantically related, like saying "fork" instead of "spoon." Neologisms, or neological parafáziák, occur when a person invents entirely new words that have no clear relation to the intended word. Lastly, unrelated or random parafáziák involve substitutions that have no discernible phonetic or semantic connection to the target word.

The presence and type of parafáziák can provide valuable clues to clinicians about the location and nature of a brain lesion or the underlying neurological disorder. Diagnosis and assessment of parafáziák are typically performed by speech-language pathologists who use various tests to identify and characterize these speech errors. Treatment focuses on improving overall communication abilities and may involve compensatory strategies or targeted language therapy.