parafoil

A parafoil is a type of non-rigid, ram-air wing used in parachuting and sport paragliding. The canopy consists of multiple cells that inflate with forward airspeed, forming an airfoil shape. The wing is deployed by lines that connect to a pilot’s harness, and it generates lift as air fills its cells during forward motion.

Construction and inflation: The wing is made of lightweight nylon or polyester fabric with sewn-in cells. When the canopy moves through the air, air enters the leading-edge vents and inflates the cells, producing a curved, wing-like surface. Suspension lines run from the canopy to the harness, and a riser system connects to the pilot for control.

Flight and control: Steering is achieved with brake toggles or risers that apply differential drag and change the wing’s angle of attack, allowing turns and speed control. The parafoil produces lift and a forward glide path; its performance is influenced by wing geometry, airspeed, and turbulence.

Applications and variants: Parafoils are the primary wing in sport paragliding and are also used for controlled descents in aerial sports. Variants vary in size, cell count, and aspect ratio, which affect stability, roll response, and glide ratio.

Safety and training: Flying a parafoil requires training and supervision. Common hazards include canopy collapse in gusty conditions, line tangles, and injuries from improper landing. Operators use reserve parachutes, helmets, and careful weather assessment to reduce risk.