pansystoliska

Pansystoliska refers to a heart murmur that occurs throughout the entire systolic phase of the cardiac cycle. Systole is the period of the heart's contraction, during which the ventricles pump blood out to the body and lungs. A pansystolic murmur, therefore, indicates a regurgitation or leakage of blood that persists from the beginning to the end of ventricular contraction.

These murmurs are typically holosystolic, meaning they are heard continuously during systole. The most common causes of pansystolic murmurs are valvular insufficiencies, where the heart valves do not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward. Mitral regurgitation, a condition where the mitral valve between the left atrium and left ventricle leaks, is a frequent cause. Similarly, tricuspid regurgitation, involving the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, can also produce a pansystolic murmur. Ventricular septal defects, which are holes in the wall separating the ventricles, can also result in blood flowing from the higher-pressure left ventricle to the lower-pressure right ventricle throughout systole, creating this type of murmur.

The intensity and characteristics of a pansystolic murmur can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the leakage. Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination with a stethoscope, often followed by echocardiography to visualize the heart's structure and function and confirm the diagnosis. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying condition and may range from observation to surgical repair or replacement of affected valves.