pangunahing

Pangunahing is a Tagalog adjective used to describe something that is primary, main, or chief. In literal terms it means “the principal” or “key” and is often translated into English as "main" or "primary." The word is commonly found in everyday speech, in formal writing, and in institutional contexts such as education, news journalism, and legal documents.

The term originates from the Filipino root “pangunahin,” which means to make something the leading or most important. The form “pangunahing” is the adjectival form produced by the affix “-ing” attached to the root. It is cognate with similar Philippine languages words such as “unahin” in Cebuano and “pangunahin” in Ilocano, indicating its widespread usage across the Philippine archipelago.

Pangunahing is frequently used to describe subject matter, themes, or factual information that is central to a discussion. For example: “Ang pangunahing layunin ng programa ay pagbutihin ang literacy rate.” or “Ang pangunahing balita ngayong araw ay…”. The word also appears in educational settings to label core courses: “Ang pangunahing asignatura ng kursong Philo ay Ethics.” In media, the phrase “pangunahing balita” signals the main news story of the day.

In literary and poetic contexts, palingihang may a more elevated connotation, often paired with other adjectives to intensify importance, e.g., “pangunahing kwento” or “pangunahing ideya.” In policy documents, “pangunahing pangangailangan” refers to essential needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare.

See also: karaniwang, pangunahing sanggunian, pangunahing minuto.