palmposition

Palm position is the orientation and placement of the palm of the hand relative to the forearm, the body, or a surface. It is a basic concept across anatomy, kinesiology, sign language, and ergonomics, affecting how the hand can grip, push, or gesture.

In anatomical terms, the palm side of the hand is called the palmar or volar surface, contrasted with the dorsal (back) surface. In the standard anatomical position, the palms face anteriorly. Rotation of the forearm—pronation and supination—changes palm orientation: supination turns the palm to face upward, while pronation turns it to face downward or backward depending on the arm’s position.

In practical contexts, maintaining a neutral palm position is often important. In work and sport, a neutral palm and wrist alignment can reduce strain and injury risk. Excessive flexion, extension, or deviation of the palm or wrist can contribute to repetitive strain injuries or carpal tunnel symptoms.

In sign languages and gesture-based communication, palm orientation is a distinct parameter used alongside handshape and movement to convey different meanings. Signs may differ by palm up, palm down, or other orientations even with the same handshape.

Usage considerations extend to devices and interfaces that track hand position, where palm orientation can influence input accuracy and ergonomic comfort. Understanding palm position helps explain how the hand interacts with objects, surfaces, and communicative gestures in various disciplines.