oán

Oán is a Vietnamese term used as both a noun and a verb to express grievance, resentment, or a sense of being wronged, often with an implied claim for redress or revenge. In everyday language it can describe a lingering feeling of injustice or the intention to settle a score, and it appears in phrases and idioms related to grudges and conflict.

Etymology and usage: Oàn is a Sino-Vietnamese word derived from the Chinese character 怨, meaning to blame, resent, or hold a grievance. In classical and modern Vietnamese, it is paired with related concepts such as hận (hatred) and thù (enmity), but oán emphasizes the grievance itself and the moral claim of the wronged party. The term appears in literary, poetic, and folkloric contexts as well as in everyday speech.

Cultural and folkloric context: In Vietnamese folk belief, unresolved oán is sometimes linked to the idea of restless spirits or misfortune known as oan hồn or vong oan, which are thought to demand acknowledgment or reconciliation through rituals, offerings, or social justice. The theme of oán also features prominently in traditional drama and poetry, where a grievance can drive plot and character development.

Literary and modern usage: In literature and discourse, oán serves to depict injustice, social conflict, and the pursuit of redress. It forms part of a broader semantic field that contrasts with mere anger (hận) or active enmity (thù) by foregrounding a claim to justice and the emotional weight of a grievance.

See also: oan gia, oan hận, trả oán, vong oan,怨.