oyltransferase

Oyltransferase is a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acyl group from one molecule to another. These enzymes are involved in a variety of biological processes, including lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and protein modification. Oyltransferases are characterized by their ability to form a covalent intermediate with the acyl donor, which is then transferred to the acyl acceptor.

The specific substrates and reactions catalyzed by oyltransferases vary widely. Some oyltransferases transfer acyl groups from acyl-CoA esters to various acceptor molecules, such as alcohols, amines, and thiols. Others transfer acyl groups from acyl-glycerols or phospholipids. These reactions are essential for the synthesis and modification of lipids, which play critical roles in cell membranes, energy storage, and signaling.

Oyltransferases are also involved in the post-translational modification of proteins. For example, some oyltransferases acylate amino acid residues, such as lysine or cysteine, which can alter protein function, localization, or stability. These modifications are often reversible and play important roles in regulating cellular processes.

The study of oyltransferases has provided insights into various metabolic pathways and disease mechanisms. Dysregulation of oyltransferase activity has been implicated in conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Research into these enzymes continues to identify new oyltransferases and elucidate their diverse roles in cellular biology.