otoxicity

Ototoxicity refers to the property of being toxic to the ear. This toxicity can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss, balance problems, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears). Many substances, both medical and environmental, can cause ototoxicity.

Medications are a common cause of ototoxicity. Certain antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, streptomycin), are well-known for their potential to damage the inner ear. Chemotherapy drugs, like cisplatin, are also frequently associated with ototoxic effects. Other medications that can cause ototoxicity include some diuretics, aspirin (in high doses), and certain antimalarial drugs.

Non-medication related causes can also contribute to ototoxicity. Exposure to high levels of noise, whether from loud music, industrial machinery, or explosions, can damage the delicate structures of the inner ear. Heavy metals like mercury and lead, as well as certain organic solvents, have also been identified as potential ototoxic agents.

The mechanism of ototoxicity often involves damage to the hair cells within the cochlea, which are responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals sent to the brain. Damage to the vestibular system, which controls balance, can also occur. Symptoms can range from subtle hearing difficulties at first to severe hearing loss and debilitating vertigo. Early detection and management are crucial for individuals exposed to ototoxic substances.