ototoksillisuus

Ototoksisuus refers to the property of being toxic to the ear, particularly to the inner ear's auditory and vestibular organs. This toxicity can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and balance problems. A variety of substances can be ototoxic, including certain medications, chemicals, and even naturally occurring compounds.

The most common cause of ototoxicity is exposure to certain therapeutic drugs. A significant class of ototoxic medications includes some antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, streptomycin) and macrolides. Platinum-based chemotherapy drugs, used in cancer treatment, are also well-known for their ototoxic effects. Certain diuretics, high-dose aspirin, and some antimalarial drugs can also contribute to ear damage.

The mechanisms by which these substances cause damage vary but often involve injury to the sensory hair cells in the cochlea (responsible for hearing) or the vestibular system (responsible for balance). This damage can be cumulative, meaning that repeated or prolonged exposure increases the risk and severity of ototoxicity. Factors such as age, pre-existing hearing loss, kidney function, and genetic predisposition can influence an individual's susceptibility to ototoxic effects.

Identifying and monitoring ototoxicity is crucial, especially when using medications with known ototoxic potential. Audiological evaluations, including hearing tests and assessments of balance function, can help detect early signs of damage. In some cases, modifying drug dosages or switching to alternative treatments may be possible to mitigate the risk. However, once damage occurs to the sensory hair cells, it is often irreversible.