ototoksiiviset

Ototoksiiviset refers to substances that are toxic to the ear. These substances can cause damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or balance disorders. The term originates from the Greek words "oto" meaning ear and "toxikon" meaning poison.

Many common medications are known to be ototoxic. Certain antibiotics, particularly aminoglycosides like gentamicin and streptomycin, are frequently implicated. Chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, are also a significant cause of ototoxicity. Some diuretics, like furosemide, and even high doses of aspirin can contribute to ear damage. Exposure to certain heavy metals, like lead and mercury, and some industrial chemicals can also have ototoxic effects.

The damage caused by ototoxic substances can be temporary or permanent, depending on the specific agent, the dosage, the duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility. Factors such as age and pre-existing hearing conditions can increase the risk of developing ototoxicity.

Symptoms of ototoxicity can include gradual or sudden hearing loss, often affecting higher frequencies first. Tinnitus, which can be a high-pitched ringing or buzzing, is another common symptom. Vertigo and problems with balance may also occur.

Prevention and management strategies focus on careful monitoring of patients receiving potentially ototoxic medications, using the lowest effective doses, and considering alternative treatments when possible. Early detection of symptoms is crucial for potentially mitigating further damage.