orthophosphát

Orthophosphate is a form of phosphate that contains phosphorus in its highest oxidation state, +5. It is an inorganic ion with the chemical formula PO43-. Orthophosphate is a fundamental building block in biological systems, playing a crucial role in energy transfer (as part of ATP), cell structure, and genetic material (as part of DNA and RNA). In nature, orthophosphate is a significant nutrient for plants and algae, often limiting their growth in aquatic environments.

The concentration of orthophosphate in water bodies is a key indicator of water quality. Elevated levels can lead to eutrophication, a process characterized by excessive algal blooms and oxygen depletion, which harms aquatic life. Sources of orthophosphate in the environment include agricultural runoff (from fertilizers), wastewater treatment plant discharges, and natural geological weathering.

Industrially, orthophosphate salts are used in a variety of applications. They are found in detergents, food additives (as leavening agents and emulsifiers), fertilizers, and corrosion inhibitors in water systems. Due to its importance in biological and industrial processes, and its potential environmental impact, the study and management of orthophosphate levels are of considerable interest.