orthogonaalisesti

Orthogonaalisesti is a Finnish adverb describing that something is done in an orthogonal manner: with operations, dimensions, or components arranged so that they are perpendicular or independent from one another. The term is used across mathematics, engineering, statistics, and design to emphasize separation of effects and avoidance of cross-interaction.

Etymology: from the adjective orthogonaalinen (orthogonal) plus the adverbial suffix -isesti. The word orthogonality itself traces to Greek orthos "right" or "correct" and gonia "angle".

Common uses include linear algebra and geometry, where vectors or bases are orthogonal; statistics and experimental design, where factors are made orthogonal to enable unconfounded estimation; and user interface or product design, where orthogonal arrangements minimize overlap between components.

Examples: describing a coordinate system with perpendicular axes; noting that two predictor variables are orthogonal, meaning their correlation is zero; implementing an algorithm that decomposes data into orthogonal components by a principal component analysis.

See also: orthogonality, orthogonal, orthonormal, independence.