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Ornithine is a nonessential amino acid that plays an important role in various bodily functions. It is a precursor to other compounds such as putrescine, which is involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. These compounds are essential for cell growth and division, and ornithine is the key intermediate in their production.

Ornithine is synthesized in the body through the breakdown of citrulline by the enzyme arginase. This process is an important part of the urea cycle, which is responsible for removing excess nitrogen from the body. Ornithine is then in turn converted into putrescine, a precursor to spermidine and spermine, which are essential for cell growth and division.

Ornithine has been studied for its potential role in various diseases, including liver disease, where the accumulation of ornithine carbamoyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the urea cycle, has been linked to several pathological conditions. Some preliminary studies have also suggested that ornithine may have a role in preventing or treating certain types of cancer, including prostate cancer.

Ornithine deficiency is rare, but can lead to problems such as liver damage and ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency. This is typically caused by genetic mutations affecting the production of the enzyme responsible for converting ornithine into other compounds. Supplements of ornithine are sometimes used as an ingredient in bodybuilding products, although the efficacy of these supplements for human health is not well established.

Research on ornithine is ongoing, with a focus on understanding its role in human health and disease. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential therapeutic uses and risks of ornithine supplements.